2026-07-25
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Selected Publications

2026

  • Automated animal gimbal steering for retinal imaging and stimulation
    K. Kunala, G.A. Ayubi, J.A. Franco, V.B. Mahajan, and A. Dubra
    Biomed. Opt. Express 17, 502-510 (2026) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Automated montaging and contrast stretching of adaptive optics ophthalmoscope images
    G.A. Ayubi, K. Kunala, and A. Dubra
    Biomed. Opt. Express 17(5), 2557-2581 (2026) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Reflective broadband adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope with 20D focus range
    S. Steven, Y. Xia, J. Bentley and A. Dubra
    Biomed. Opt. Express 17, 4354-4377 (2026) Journal
  • Refractive adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope with fast 2D MEMS scanner
    K. Kunala, Y. Xia, G.A. Ayubi, B. Kowalski, A.X. Desai, D. Lippman, J. Bentley, and A. Dubra
    Biomed. Opt. Express 17, 635-655 (2026) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Strabismic imaging for correcting in-plane motion distortion in scanning imaging instruments and rolling shutter cameras
    G.A. Ayubi, K. Kunala, B. Kowalski, A. Hargrave, and A. Dubra
    Adv. Photon. 8(2), 026016 (2026) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Two-lens telecentric model eyes for image distortion measurement in adaptive optics ophthalmoscopes
    Y. Xia, G.A. Ayubi, J. Bentley, and A. Dubra
    Biomed. Opt. Express 17, 1029-1048 (2026) Journal   |   PubMed

2025

  • Low-cost non-contact axial placement and active focusing of optical components
    K. Kunala and A. Dubra
    Appl. Opt. 64, 6150-6156 (2025) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Telecentric model eye for correction of image distortion in adaptive optics ophthalmoscopes
    V. Akondi, G.A. Ayubi, X. Huang, K. Kunala, and A. Dubra
    Biomed. Opt. Express 16, 2767-2791 (2025) Journal   |   PubMed

2024

  • Biometry study of foveal isoplanatic patch variation for adaptive optics retinal imaging
    X. Huang, A. Hargrave, J. Bentley, and A. Dubra
    Biomed. Opt. Express 15, 5674-5690 (2024) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Embedded CPU-GPU pupil tracking
    B. Kowalski, X. Huang, and A. Dubra
    Biomed. Opt. Express 15, 6799-6815 (2024) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Normalized weighted cross correlation for multi-channel image registration
    G.A. Ayubi, B. Kowalski, and A. Dubra
    Opt. Continuum 3, 649-665 (2024) Journal   |   PubMed

2023

  • Robust real-time estimation of non-uniform angular velocity and sub-pixel jitter in images captured with resonant scanners
    G.A. Ayubi and A. Dubra
    Opt. Express 26, 44199-44211 (2023) Journal   |   PubMed

2022

  • Correction of non-uniform angular velocity and sub-pixel jitter in optical scanning
    B. Kowalski, V. Akondi, and A. Dubra
    Opt. Express 30 (1), 112-124 (2022) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Imaging of vitreous cortex hyalocyte dynamics using non-confocal quadrant-detection adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy in human subjects
    J.V. Migacz, O. Otero-Marquez, R. Zhou, K. Rickford, B. Murillo, D.B. Zhou, M.V. Castanos, N. Sredar, A. Dubra, R.B. Rosen, and T.Y.P. Chui
    Biomed. Opt. Express 13, 1755-1773 (2022) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Retinal magnification factors at the fixation locus derived from schematic eyes with four individualized surfaces
    X. Huang, T. Anderson, and A. Dubra
    Biomed. Opt. Express 13, 3786-3808 (2022) Journal   |   PubMed

2021

  • Comparison of confocal and non-confocal split-detection cone photoreceptor imaging
    N. Sredar, M. Razeen, B. Kowalski, J. Carroll, and A. Dubra
    Biomed. Opt. Express 12 (2), 737-755 (2021) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Correction of resonant optical scanner dynamic aberrations using nodal aberration theory
    X. Huang, and A. Dubra
    Opt. Express 29, 10346-10363 (2021) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Dynamic wavefront distortion in resonant scanners
    V. Akondi, B. Kowalski, and A. Dubra
    Appl. Opt. 60 (36), 11189-11195 (2021) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Hybrid FPGA-CPU pupil tracker
    B. Kowalski, X. Huang, S. Steven, A. Dubra
    Biomed. Opt. Express 12, 6496-6513 (2021) Journal   |   PubMed
  • In vivo sub-diffraction adaptive optics imaging of photoreceptors in the human eye with annular pupil illumination and sub-Airy detection
    R. Lu, N. Aguilera, T. Liu, J. Liu, J.P. Giannini, J. Li, A.J. Bower, A. Dubra, and J. Tam
    Optica 8 (3), 333-343 (2021) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Integrating adaptive optics-SLO and OCT for multimodal visualization of the human retinal pigment epithelial mosaic
    A.J. Bower, T. Liu, N. Aguilera, J. Li, J. Liu, R. Lu, J.P. Giannini, L.A. Huryn, A. Dubra, Z. Liu, D.X. Hammer, and J. Tam
    Biomed. Opt. Express 12, 1449-1466 (2021) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Multi-layer Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensing in the point source regime
    V. Akondi and A. Dubra
    Biomed. Opt. Express 12, 409-432 (2021) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Novel Foveal Features Associated With Vision Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis
    A. Hargrave, N. Sredar, F. Khushzad, J. Yarp, A. Tomczak, M. Han, L. Kipp, A. Dubra, H. E. Moss
    Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2021;62 (12):27 Journal   |   PubMed
  • Persistent dark cones in oligocone trichromacy revealed by multimodal adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy
    J. Li, T. Liu, O.J. Flynn, A. Turriff, Z. Liu, E. Ullah, J. Liu, A. Dubra, M.A Johnson, B.P. Brooks, R.B Hufnagel, D.X. Hammer, L.A. Huryn, B.G. Jeffrey, and J. Tam
    Front. Aging Neurosci. 13:629214 (2021) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor optical dynamic range
    V. Akondi and A. Dubra
    Opt. Express 29, 8417-8429 Journal   |   PubMed

2020

  • Anatomic, genetic and functional properties of the retinal circulation in pulmonary hypertension
    N.P. Nickel, E.A. Shamskhou, M.A. Razeen, D.F. Condon, L.A. Messentier Louro, A. Dubra, Y.J. Liao, R.T. Zamanian, K. Yuan and V.A. de Jesus Perez
    Pulm. Circ.10 (2), 1-4 (2020) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Average gradient of Zernike polynomials over polygons
    V. Akondi and A. Dubra
    Opt. Express 28, 18876-18886 (2020) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Dynamic distortion in resonant galvanometric optical scanners
    V. Akondi, B. Kowalski, S. A. Burns and A. Dubra
    Optica 7, 1506-1513 (2020) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Intraobserver repeatability and interobserver reproducibility of foveal cone density measurements in CNGA3- and CNGB3-associated Achromatopsia
    M. Georgiou, K. Litts, N. Singh, T. Kane, E. Patterson, N. Hirji, A. Kalitzeos, A. Dubra, M. Michaelides, and J. Carroll
    Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech. 9 (7):37 (2020) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Photoreceptor structure in GNAT2-associated achromatopsia
    M. Georgiou, N. Singh, T. Kane, A.G. Robson, A. Kalitzeos, N. Hirji, A.R. Webster, A. Dubra, J. Carroll and M. Michaelides
    Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 61 (3):40 (2020) Journal   |   PubMed

2019

  • Accounting for focal shift in the Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor
    V. Akondi and A. Dubra
    Opt. Lett. 44, 4151-4154 (2019) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Adaptive optics retinal imaging in cnga3-associated achromatopsia':'' retinal characterization, interocular symmetry, and intrafamilial variability
    M. Georgiou, K.M. Litts, A. Kalitzeos, C.S. Langlo, T. Kane, N. Singh, M. Kassilian, N. Hirji, N. Kumaran, A. Dubra, J. Carroll and M. Michaelides
    Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 60 (1):383-396 (2019) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Centroid error due to non-uniform lenslet illumination in the Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor
    V. Akondi, S. Steven and A. Dubra
    Opt. Lett. 44, 4167-4170 (2019) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Deep phenotyping of PDE6C-associated achromatopsia
    M. Georgiou, A.G. Robson, N. Singh, T. Kane, N. Hirji, C. Ripamonti, T. Rotsos, A. Dubra, A. Kalitzeos, A.R. Webster, J. Carroll, and M. Michaelides
    Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 60 (15):5112-5123 (2019) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Design of two spherical mirror unobscured relay telescopes using Nodal Aberration Theory
    S. Steven, J. Bentley and A. Dubra
    Opt. Express 27, 11205-11226 (2019). Journal   |   PubMed
  • Evaluating seasonal changes of cone photoreceptor structure in the 13-lined ground squirrel
    B. Sajdak, A.E. Salmon, K.M. Litts, C. Wells, K.P. Allen, A. Dubra, D.K. Merriman and J. Carroll
    Vision Research 158, 90–99 (2019) Journal   |   PubMed
  • RAC-CNN':'' multimodal deep learning based automatic detection and classification of rod and cone photoreceptors in adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope images
    D. Cunefare, A.L. Huckenpahler, E.J. Patterson, A. Dubra, J. Carroll and S. Farsiu
    Biomed. Opt. Express 10, 3815-3832 (2019) Journal   |   PubMed

2018

  • Automatic cone photoreceptor localisation in healthy and Stargardt
    B. Davidson, A. Kalitzeos, J. Carroll, A. Dubra, S. Ourselin, M. Michaelides and C. Bergeles
    Scientific Reports 8:7911 (2018) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Cone photoreceptor cell segmentation and diameter measurement on adaptive optics images using circularly-constrained active contour model
    J. Liu, H. Jung, A. Dubra and Johnny Tam
    Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 59 (11):4639-4652 (2018) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Deep learning based detection of cone photoreceptors with multimodal adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope images of achromatopsia
    D. Cunefare, C.S. Langlo, E.J. Patterson, S. Blau, A. Dubra, J. Carroll and S. Farsiu
    Biomed. Opt. Express 9, 3740-3756 (2018) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Fast adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope retinal montaging
    B. Davidson, A. Kalitzeos, J. Carroll, A. Dubra, S. Ourselin, M. Michaelides, and C. Bergeles
    Biomed. Opt. Express 9, 4317-4328 (2018) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Long eye relief fundus camera and fixation target with partial correction of ocular longitudinal chromatic aberration
    S. Steven, Y.N. Sulai, S.K. Cheong, J. Bentley and A. Dubra
    Biomed. Opt. Express 9 (12), 6017-6037 (2018). Journal   |   PubMed
  • Spatial summation in the human fovea':'' do normal optical aberrations and fixational eye movements have an effect?
    W.S. Tuten, R.F. Cooper, P. Tiruveedhula, A. Dubra, A. Roorda, N.P. Cottaris, D.H. Brainard and J.I.W. Morgan
    J. Vis. 18 (8):6 (2018) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Sub-Airy confocal adaptive optics scanning ophthalmoscopy
    N. Sredar, O.E. Fagbemi and A. Dubra
    Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech. 7 (2):17 (2018) Journal   |   PubMed
  • The reliability of cone density measurements in the presence of rods
    J.I.W. Morgan, G.K. Vergilio, J. Hsu, A. Dubra, R.F. Cooper
    Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech. 7 (3):21 (2018) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Ultrahigh resolution retinal imaging by visible light OCT with longitudinal achromatization
    S.P. Chong, T. Zhang, A. Kho, M.T. Bernucci, A. Dubra, and V.J. Srinivasan
    Biomed. Opt. Express 9, 1477-1491 (2018) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Visible light optical coherence microscopy of the brain with isotropic femtoliter resolution in vivo
    C.W. Merkle, S.P. Chong, A.M. Kho, J. Zhu, A. Dubra and V.J. Srinivasan
    Optics Letters Opt. Lett. 43, 198-201 (2018) Journal   |   PubMed

2017

  • An automated reference frame selection (ARFS) algorithm for cone imaging with adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy
    A.E. Salmon, R.F. Cooper, C.S. Langlo, A. Baghaie, A. Dubra and J. Carroll
    Translational Vision Science & Technology 6:9 doi:10.1167/tvst.6.2.9 (2017) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Assessing the Spatial Relationship Between Fixation and Foveal Specializations
    Wilk, MA, Dubis, AM, Cooper, RF, Summerfelt, P, Dubra, A, Carroll, J.
    Vision Research, 132:53-61. doi 10.1016/j.visres.2016.05.001 (2017) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Cellular Imaging Reveals Origin of the Tapetal-Like Reflex in Carriers of RPGR-associated Retinopathy
    A. Kalitzeos, M. Kasilian, J.J.L. Tee, M. Strampe, C. Langlo, A.R. Webster, A. Dubra, J. Carroll and M. Michaelides
    Retina (2017) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Non-invasive assessment of human cone photoreceptor function
    R.F. Cooper, W.S. Tuten, A. Dubra, D.H. Brainard and J.I.W. Morgan
    Biomed. Opt. Express 8 (11), 5098-5112 (2017) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Open source software for automatic detection of cone photoreceptors in adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy using convolutional neural networks
    D. Cunefare, L. Fang, R.F. Cooper, A. Dubra, J. Carroll and S. Farsiu
    Sci. Rep. 7, article 6620 (2017) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Phenotypic diversity in autosomal-dominant cone-rod dystrophy elucidated by adaptive optics retinal imaging
    H. Song, E.A. Rossi, E. Stone, L. Latchney, D. Williams, A. Dubra and M. Chung
    Br. J. Ophthalmol. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-310498 (2017) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Progression of local glaucomatous damage near fixation as seen with adaptive optics imaging
    D.C. Hood, D. Lee, R. Jarukasetphon, J. Nunez, M.A. Mavrommatis, R.B. Rosen, R. Ritch, A. Dubra, T.Y.P. Chui
    Translational Vision Science & Technology 6 (4):6. doi:10.1167/tvst.6.4.6. (2017) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Reliability and repeatability of cone density measurements in patients with stargardt disease and RPGR-associated retinopathy
    P. Tanna, M. Kasilian, R. Strauss, J. Tee, A. Kalitzeos, S. Tarima, A. Visotcky, A Dubra, J. Carroll and M. Michaelides
    Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 58(9):3608–3615 (2017) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Repeatability and longitudinal assessment of foveal cone structure in CNGB3-associated achromatopsia
    Langlo, CS, Erker, LR, Parker, M, Patterson, EJ, Higgins, BP, Summerfelt, P, Razeen, MM, Collison, FT, Fishman, GA, Kay, CN, Zhang, J, Weleber, RG, Yang, P, Pennesi, ME, Lam, BL, Chulay, JD, Dubra, A, Hauswirth, WW, Wilson, DJ, Carroll, J; ACHM-001 study group
    Retina, Epub ahead of print (2017) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Unsupervised identification of cone photoreceptors in non-confocal adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope images
    C. Bergeles, A. M. Dubis, B. Davidson, M. Kasilian, A. Kalitzeos, J. Carroll, A. Dubra, M. Michaelides, and S. Ourselin
    Biomed. Opt. Express 8, 3081-3094 (2017) Journal   |   PubMed

2016

  • Assessing photoreceptor structure associated with ellipsoid zone disruptions visualized with optical coherence tomography
    Scoles, D, Flatter, JA, Cooper, RF, Langlo, CS, Robison, S, Neitz, M, Weinberg, DV, Pennesi, ME, Han, DP, Dubra, A, Carroll, J.
    Retina, 36 (1):91-103 (2016). Journal   |   PubMed
  • Assessing photoreceptor structure in retinitis pigmentosa and usher syndrome
    Sun, LW, Johnson, RD, Langlo, CS, Cooper, RF, Razeen, MM, Russillo, MC, Dubra, A, Connor, TB Jr, Han, DP, Pennesi, ME, Kay, CN, Weinberg, DV, Stepien, KE, Carroll, J.
    Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 57 (6):2428-2442 (2016). Journal   |   PubMed
  • Assessing the spatial relationship between fixation and foveal specializations
    Wilk, MA, Dubis, AM, Cooper, RF, Summerfelt, P, Dubra, A, Carroll, J.
    Vision Research, Epub ahead of print (2016). Journal   |   PubMed
  • Automatic detection of cone photoreceptors in split detector adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope images
    Cunefare, D, Cooper, RF, Higgins, B, Katz, DF, Dubra, A, Carroll, J, Farsiu, S.
    Biomedical Optics Express, 7(5):2036-2050 (2016). Journal   |   PubMed
  • Cone photoreceptor structure in patients with X-linked cone dysfunction and red-green color vision deficiency
    Patterson, EJ, Wilk, M, Langlo, CS, Kasilian, M, Ring, M, Hufnagel, RB, Dubis, AM, Tee, JJ, Kalitzeos, A, Gardner, JC, Ahmed, ZM, Sisk, RA, Larsen, M, Sjoberg, S, Connor, TB, Dubra, A, Neitz, J, Hardcastle, AJ, Neitz, M, Michaelides, M, Carroll, J.
    Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 57 (8) 3853-3863 (2016). Journal   |   PubMed
  • Correlating photoreceptor mosaic structure to clinical findings in Stargardt disease
    Razeen, MM, Cooper, RF, Langlo, CS, Goldberg, MR, Wilk, MA, Han, DP, Connor, TB Jr, Fishman, GA, Collison, FT, Sulai, YN, Dubra, A, Carroll, J, Stepien, KE.
    Translational Vision Science & Technology, 5(2):6 eCollection (2016). Journal   |   PubMed
  • Effects of intraframe distortion on measures of cone mosaic geometry from adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy
    Cooper, RF, Sulai, YN, Dubis, AM, Chui, TY, Rosen, RB, Michaelides, M, Dubra, A, Carroll, J.
    Translational Vision Science & Technology, 5(1) 10 eCollection (2016). Journal   |   PubMed
  • Imaging foveal microvasculature':'' optical coherence tomography angiography versus adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope fluorescein angiography
    Mo, S, Krawitz, B, Efstathiadis, E, Geyman, L, Weitz, R, Chui, TY, Carroll, J, Dubra, A, Rosen, RB.
    Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 57 (9)':' OCT130-140 (2016). Journal   |   PubMed
  • In vivo imaging of the human retinal pigment epithelial mosaic using adaptive optics enhanced indocyanine green ophthalmoscopy
    Tam, J, Liu, J, Dubra, A, Fariss, R.
    Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 57 (10):4376-84 (2016) Journal   |   PubMed
  • Longitudinal imaging of microvascular remodelling in proliferative diabetic retinopathy using adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy
    Chui, TY, Pinhas, A, Gan, A, Razeen, M, Shah, N, Cheang, E, Liu, CL, Dubra, A, Rosen, RB.
    Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics, 36 (3):290-302 (2016). Journal   |   PubMed
  • Multimodal imaging of photoreceptor structure in choroideremia
    Sun, LW, Johnson, RD, Williams, V, Summerfelt, P, Dubra, A, Weinberg, DV, Stepien, KE, Fishman, GA, Carroll, J.
    PLOS ONE 11 (12) e0167526 (2016). Journal   |   PubMed
  • Noninvasive imaging of the thirteen-lined ground squirrel photoreceptor mosaic
    Sajdak, B, Sulai, YN, Langlo, CS, Luna, G, Fisher, SK, Merriman, DK, Dubra, A.
    Visual Neuroscience, 33:E003 (2016). Journal   |   PubMed
  • Photoreceptor inner segment morphology in best vitelliform macular dystrophy
    Scoles, D, Sulai, YN, Cooper, RF, Higgins, BP, Johnson, RD, Carroll, J, Dubra, A, Stepien, KE.
    Retina, Epub ahead of print (2016). Journal   |   PubMed
  • Residual foveal cone structure in CNGB3-associated achromatopsia
    Langlo, CS, Patterson, EJ, Higgins, BP, Summerfelt, P, Razeen, MM, Erker, LR, Parker, M, Collison, FT, Fishman, GA, Kay, CN, Zhang, J, Weleber, RG, Yang, P, Wilson, DJ, Pennesi, ME, Lam, BL, Chiang, J, Chulay, JD, Dubra, A, Hauswirth, WW, Carroll, J, ACHM-001 Study Group.
    Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 57 3984-3995 (2016). Journal   |   PubMed